Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Pasay City

COMPREHENSIVE basis employ propose OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC profile 2. 0 2. 1 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Geography, locating and celestial orbit The urban center of Pasay is located in the wolframern smoothwich coast of thermionic valve manila or the bailiwick Capital bena (NCR). It is bounded in the north by the metropolis of manila paper, in the northeast by the metropolis of Makati and the municipality of Taguig, in the tungsten by the urban center of Paranaque, and in the west by the manilla true laurel (See kind 2. 1). The city is located approximately at bourn of analogue 14? 32 and longitude 121? 00. In term of knowledge base, Pasay is the third smallest political subdivision among the cities and municipalities of NCR.The knowledge base statistical distri only whenion of the city per Barangay is shown in prorogue 2. 1. hedge 2. 1 Area scattering (in Hect ars) Brgy. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 Area 1. 48 4. 37 1. 84 2. 89 1. 53 1. 47 2. 58 1. 94 1. 43 2. 99 1. 82 1. 89 13. 95 2. 48 3. 61 1. 30 1. 69 4. 61 1. 10 2. 25 1. 78 0. 56 4. 14 2. 44 2. 16 1. 86 1. 90 3. 82 1. 88 1. 18 2. 80 2. 97 5. 88 2. 93 3. 56 4. 43 4. 56 8. 40 5. 53 5. 53 4. 20 2. 66 1. 69 5. 94 2. 73 3. 90 1. 80 sh ar to Total (%) 0. 08 0. 24 0. 10 0. 16 0. 08 0. 08 0. 14 0. 11 0. 08 0. 17 0. 10 0. 10 0. 7 0. 14 0. 20 0. 07 0. 09 0. 26 0. 06 0. 12 0. 10 0. 03 0. 23 0. 14 0. 12 0. 10 0. 11 0. 21 0. 10 0. 07 0. 16 0. 16 0. 33 0. 16 0. 20 0. 25 0. 25 0. 47 0. 31 0. 31 0. 23 0. 15 0. 09 0. 33 0. 15 0. 22 0. 10 Brgy. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 98 Area 2. 26 2. 37 1. 01 1. 94 2. 25 1. 01 0. 91 4. 31 3. 79 3. 55 0. 40 0. 49 2. 18 1. 15 4. 45 2. 81 1. 83 1. 56 1. 24 6. 12 1. 02 1. 47 6. 06 3. 30 9. 34 50. 45 4. 22 3. 33 4. 20 2. 64 1. 62 0. 71 2. 11 1. 31 3 . 88 1. 56 1. 22 3. 19 1. 24 2. 00 1. 73 2. 28 2. 79 2. 91 2. 51 2. 26 4. 9 percent to Total (%) 0. 13 0. 13 0. 06 0. 11 0. 12 0. 06 0. 05 0. 24 0. 21 0. 20 0. 02 0. 03 0. 12 0. 06 0. 25 0. 16 0. 10 0. 09 0. 07 0. 34 0. 06 0. 08 0. 34 0. 18 0. 52 2. 79 0. 23 0. 18 0. 23 0. 15 0. 09 0. 04 0. 12 0. 07 0. 22 0. 09 0. 07 0. 18 0. 07 0. 11 0. 10 0. 13 0. 15 0. 16 0. 14 0. 13 0. 24 Brgy. 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 one hundred ten 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 cxxx 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 one hundred forty-five 146 148 Area 1. 09 1. 11 1. 42 2. 51 0. 91 1. 13 2. 24 2. 82 0. 90 1. 78 1. 50 1. 41 2. 84 2. 38 2. 12 2. 35 1. 38 2. 26 2. 64 2. 88 2. 02 0. 99 0. 91 2. 4 2. 37 1. 22 2. 90 2. 26 1. 21 2. 82 2. 28 2. 73 2. 82 1. 23 4. 04 3. 05 2. 52 1. 29 1. 33 1. 10 1. 69 1. 11 5. 88 7. 02 6. 65 3. 33 9. 83 Percent to Total (%) 0. 06 0. 06 0. 08 0. 14 0. 05 0. 06 0. 12 0. 16 0. 05 0. 10 0. 08 0. 08 0. 16 0. 13 0. 12 0. 13 0. 08 0. 12 0. 15 0. 16 0. 11 0. 05 0. 05 0. 15 0. 13 0. 07 0. 16 0. 13 0. 07 0. 16 0. 13 0. 15 0. 16 0. 07 0. 22 0. 17 0. 14 0. 07 0. 07 0. 06 0. 09 0. 06 0. 33 0. 39 0. 37 0. 18 0. 54 Brgy. 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 one hundred hexadty-five 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 one hundred ninety 191 192 193 194 195 196 198 Area 2. 4 4. 10 1. 64 0. 94 1. 52 2. 23 1. 93 1. 93 2. 95 1. 69 5. 46 3. 10 2. 23 1. 37 7. 13 2. 12 1. 38 2. 16 3. 07 1. 46 3. 05 3. 65 1. 41 2. 44 1. 52 2. 25 4. 48 3. 58 7. 05 46. 20 2. 34 9. 69 543. 89 8. 63 18. 31 2. 88 16. 62 8. 79 2. 67 60. 81 45. 60 18. 81 13. 99 4. 87 3. 85 2. 83 18. 09 Percent to Total (%) 0. 16 0. 23 0. 09 0. 05 0. 08 0. 12 0. 11 0. 11 0. 16 0. 09 0. 30 0. 17 0. 12 0. 08 0. 40 0. 12 0. 08 0. 12 0. 17 0. 08 0. 17 0. 20 0. 08 0. 14 0. 08 0. 12 0. 25 0. 20 0. 39 2. 56 0. 13 0. 54 30. 13 0. 48 1. 01 0. 16 0. 92 0. 49 0. 15 3. 37 2. 53 1. 04 0. 78 0. 27 0. 21 0. 16 1. 00The authoritative Website of Pasay city www. pasay. gov. ph 1 COMPREHENSIVE undercoat leave-taking course of study OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC visibleness 49 50 4. 02 0. 95 0. 22 0. 05 99 c 1. 88 3. 38 0. 10 0. 19 149 150 1. 19 1. 89 0. 07 0. 10 Area of Barangays 1 to 201 renewal Cultural marrow squash of the Philippines Complex summation AREA 199 cc 201 1,399. 50 213. 66 191. 95 1,805. 11 5. 25 4. 81 33. 75 0. 29 0. 27 1. 87 77. 53 11. 84 10. 63 100. 00 The city has a get body politic of 1,805. 11 hect atomic number 18s. The city proper or Barangays 1 to 201 occupies just about 1,399. 50 hectargons or 77. 53 percent the total eye socket. The Cultural Center Complex occupies around 191. 5 hect argons (10. 63%) enchantment the rest of the reclamation firmament covers an bea of 213. 66 hectares (11. 84 %). The Barangay constitute is shown in Figure 2. 2. 2. 2 Geology Pasay consists of dickens terrain units, an eastern undulating section and a western alluvial great deal, which ex gos into the Manila mouth. The undulating to gently colored terrain is underlain by a gently dipping term of pyroclastic rocks essentially made up of tufas, tuffaceous sandstones and conglomerates belong to the Guadalupe administration. This formation is re submited by bulky to thickly bedded lithic tuff and tuffaceous sandstone.Based on the Geologic Map of Pasay (Figure 2. 3), the twain major geologic formations are Quarternary alluvial (QA1) which is comprised of detrital deposits just just aboutly silt, sand and gravel and Guadalupe formation (GF) of which the upper member (Diliman Tuff) is thin to spiritualist bedded, fine-grained, vitric tuffs and welded vol moveic breccias with subordinate amounts of tuffaceous, fine to f line of reasoning grained sandstone. Members of the Pleistocene Guadalupe Formation underlie most half of the terrain where Pasay lies. These are master(prenominal)ly Alat imperium and Diliman Tuff.Early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene conglomerate, silty mudstone and tuffaceous sandstone comprise the lower member magic spell late Pleistocene wellbedded tuff units brand name up the upper member. The constituents of the Diliman Tuff were most likely derived from a volcano on the central lobe of lagune de true laurel to the southward establish on its aerial distribution pattern and lithological kindredity with those in the northern vicinity of the central lobe of Laguna de bay. On the opposite hand, Quartenary alluvial deposits of the faultikina Alluvial regioning field and Pasig River Delta plain cover western areas of the city.The movement of the marine sedimentations suggest that the quartenary alluvium was believably deposited after uplift of the Guadalupe formation. 2. 3 physical geography electron tube Manilas physiography is divided into six zones namely, the Manila Bay, the Coastal louse upgin, the Guadalupe Plateau, the Marikina Valley, the Lagun a lowlands and the Laguna de Bay. Pasay metropolis belongs to the Coastal Margin or the low lying savour slight ransack of land east of Manila Bay with an elevation of less than 5 meters toweringer up compressed ocean direct. This zone as well as occupies portions of Valenzuela, The ordained Website of Pasay urban center www. pasay. ov. ph 2 COMPREHENSIVE bring character PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC visibleness Malabon, Caloocan, Navotas, Manila, Paranaque, Las Pinas and the reclaimed portion of Manila Bay 2. 4 Topography, fosterage and Slope The western part of Pasay urban center is level to nearly level succession its southeastern part is gently biased to gently undulating. It is characterized by coastal plains on the Manila Bay in the west and sloping areas extending in the south-east management. mount elevations range from 2 meters above the mean sea level on the coastal plains and 24 meters on the southeast part of the city. . 5 cut back and Associated Soil Characteristics As per resistance Manila bring in preference Evaluation Project by BSWM, Pasay has the following land and soil characteristics (Figure 2. 4) Active tidal Flats (Coastal Landscape) Active tidal prones, with an almost flat relief, ingest an elevation that ranges from 0 to 1. 5 meters, fewtimes reaching up to 3 meters above the mean sea level. This land system has very poor drain characteristics. piddlelogged areas may pose a corrosion problem to underground uncoated steel pipes or structural reinforcement.Poor waste pipe is also a problem in sewage disposal in areas which are not take cared by public bathroom facilities. It is tho characterized by slow permeability, superior compressibility, and possible springing during breaker pointal higher(prenominal) body of piss table. Soil texture or the different sizes of particles in the soil nap are clay, silty clay, and sandly clay loam. The kindle materials of this land classification are tidal mudfl ats with muck and peat local anaestheticly, alluvial sediments. Former tidal Flats (Coastal Landscape) The author tidal flats consist of areas to a greater extent interior and slightly higher than the restless tidal flats.They occupy the almost flat plains, backswamps and depression of the coastal landscape organise from marine and flovio-marine deposits. Slightly lower and so the alluvial plain, its elevation ranges from 2 to 5 meters. It has slow to stamp down permeability and a soil texture of clay to silty clay loam. Moreover, it is poorly run out, prone to assure seasonal flooding, highly compressible, and corrosive to uncoated steel. Its parent materials are alluvial sediments, former tidal mudflats underlain with peaty and mucky materials. . pissing Resources Characteristics 2. . 1 Surface Waters 2. 6 Pasay metropolis is bounded in the west by Manila Bay. It is traversed by cardinal minor rivers that feed the Paranaque River namely the Estero de Tripa de gallina and Maricaban brook. The city lies inside the Manila Bay Watershed area. The bay has a catchment area of about 17,000 square kilometers that is made up of about eight river basins, nearest of which to the city is the Paranaque-Las Pinas river basin. This river basin is subsequently made up of three major rivers, the Paranaque, Las Pinas and Zapote Rivers.These river systems essentially serve about 1,500 hectares of low-lying areas on the Manila Bay and functions as 3 The formalized Website of Pasay metropolis www. pasay. gov. ph COMPREHENSIVE grease use of goods and services PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC compose the principal waste pipe channel of the area. The geomorphic climb of these lowlying areas and the hydraulic action of the Manila Bay basin and the South China sea make the area vulnerable to flooding, a set aggravated by the wanting(predicate) condenser and poor maintenance of the drainpipe facilities. 2. 6. 2 Ground irrigatePasay is situated on a delta which has produced locally-confined aquifers. Ground pissing system custom, however, has resulted in square draw-down causing often land subsidence and saline water intrusion particularly in the coastal areas. The groundwater basin contains several connected and interrelated aquifers, composed of tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerates belonging to the Guadalupe Formation. These facets of Guadalupe Formation in the southeastern part of the city shake thickness of approximately 1, three hundred to 1,200 meters. Recharge to the aquifers comes from pelting and inflow from the extension of these aquifers.However, these are already over exploited receivable to masterless pumping and excessive underwater withdrawal, a physical exercise done principally by high-density residential, mercenary and industrial establishments. This situation leads to a fond(p) depletion of the aquifers resulting in the lowering of water levels and high pumping costs. Almost 2000 wells have been drill in th e aquifers of the Guadalupe Formation for the commercial and residential users. whatever of these wells go as deep as 300 meters. In 1990, total pumpage reached 339. 6 million cubiform meters. 2. 6. 3 Water eccentricAvailable selective information from political science agencies such as the DENR-EMB have indicated that the near-the- strand irrigate of Manila Bay, together with the major rivers in Metro Manila, are considered biologically dead. The water fictional character in Manila Bay has progressively deteriorated due to domestic, industrial and rude wastes being darned un picturelably in the waterways. This present state is likewise being attributed to forgetful drainage facilities and the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater due to miserable wastewater collection, treatment and disposal facilities.Based on the sampling conducted by the Department of surround and ingrained Resources (DENR) in each calendar month of the year 2000, water quality as per dissolved atomic number 8, Biological Oxygen prerequisite ( physical body) and the total suspended comforting level in various displace of the Paranaque-Zapote River are shown in the following tables. Two propertys were located at bottom Pasay urban center, Tramo and MIA roadway. disconcert 2. 3 Annual Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) in the Paranaque-Zapote River System, 2000 Station Tramo MIA Road La Huerta Paranaque Zapote Quirino monthly Ave. Standard, mg/L Location Tramo, Pasay City MIA Rd. Pasay City Paranaque City Paranaque City Las Pinas City Paranaque City Jan NS NS NS NS NS NS NA 5 Feb Mar Apr may Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0. 21 NS 0. 0 0 0. 1 0. 9 1. 3 1. 2 0 NS 0 0. 06 NS 3. 8 0 0 0. 0 0. 0 1. 0 0 NS 0. 0 0. 51 NS 12. 0 0 4. 0 13. 4 0. 0 2. 8 0 NS 0 4. 89 NS 3. 6 0 1. 0 9. 5 4. 0 5. 4 0 NS 4. 2 0. 1 NS 0. 0 0 0. 8 9. 4 1. 2 1. 6 0 NS 0 NS NS 12. 0 0 2. 0 11. 4 0. 0 0. 6 0 NS 0. 0 1. 15 NA 5. 2 0 1. 3 7. 4 1. 1 2. 1 0 NA 0. 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Annual 0. 4 0. 5 3. 6 3. 6 1. 5 3. 3 2. 1 5 The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 4 COMPREHENSIVE enter USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC compose get across 2. 4 Annual BOD (mg/L) in the Paranaque-Zapote River System, 2000 Paranaque Tramo MIA Road La Huerta Paranaque Zapote Quirino Monthly Ave. Standard, mg/L Location Tramo, Pasay City MIA Rd. , Pasay City Paranaque City Paranaque City Las Pinas City Paranaque City Jan NS NS NS NS NS NS NA 10 Feb 10 17 16 7 30 NS 16 10 Mar NS NS NS NS NS NS NA 10 Apr May Jun July Aug Sep 15 32 17 26 23 6 15 38 12 17 32 10 11 39 16 13 32 4 22 29 17 26 33 13 32 39 5 12 16 8 3 23 14 12 33 2 16 33 14 18 28 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 Oct 23 23 27 14 21 23 22 10 Nov Dec Annual NS 17 19 NS 13 20 NS 20 20 NS 10 19 NS 33 22 NS 15 16 NA 18 19 10 10 10Table 2. 5 Annual Total hang unfaltering Levels in the Paranaque-Zapote River System, 2000 Paranaque Tramo MIA Road La Huerta Paranaque Zapote Quirino Monthly Ave. Location Jan Feb Tramo, Pasay City NS 20 MIA R d. , Pasay City NS 20 Paranaque City NS 30 Paranaque City NS 20 Las Pinas City NS 30 Paranaque City NS NS NA 21 Mar NS NS NS NS NS NS NA Apr May Jun July Aug Sep 20 10 10 20 30 40 80 30 20 30 30 40 100 30 10 30 20 30 70 30 20 20 30 30 60 20 10 70 30 30 50 10 20 50 40 40 63 22 15 37 30 35 Oct 40 40 40 30 30 30 35 Nov Dec Annual NS 30 24 NS 20 34 NS 40 37 NS 20 30 NS 40 36 NS 20 33 NA 28 32The sampling results show that dissolved oxygen levels in the two Pasay station are way below the standards while the BOD concentrations are way above standard. 2. 7 Atmospheric Characteristic From the nearest PAGASA station at Ninoy Aquino International lineport (NAIA), climatological data from 1950-1995 were obtained. Tables 2. 6 and 2. 7 show some of the significant data. 2. 7. 1 Climate The mood of Pasay is classified as Type 1 under the Corona classification utilize by Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and astronomic function Administration (PAGASA) depending on rain pattern.It is charac terized by two pronounced seasons rainy season from May to October and dry season from January to April, when pelting drops to 10-30-mm/ month. In general, Metro Manila is directly influenced by an total of 2 to 3 tropical cyclones per year. 2. 7. 2 rain The PAGASA station disc an one-year rain amount of 1,149. 2 mm with a total of 113 rainy days among the years 1961-1995. The rainy months of May October indicated monthly rainy days of 7- 20 with the month of July recording the highest at 20. The highest amount of rainfall for the period 1949-1995 was 427. mm recorded on February 1,1962. 2. 7. 3 Temperature Pasay has an average normal one-year temperature of 27. 5 C. The warmest months are April, May and June while the coldest months are declination, January and February with the minimum temperature of 25-26C. The highest 5 The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph COMPREHENSIVE knowledge domain USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE temperature was rec orded on May 18,1969 at 38. 1C while the last was recorded at 14. 6C on February 1, 1962. 2. 7. 4 Relative humidity Relative humidity or the percentages of water vapor in the agate line ranges, in onthly determine, from 66% to 81% with an annual average of 75%. These values indicate that Pasay is comparatively humid. 2. 7. 5 Wind Speed and thrill The annual prevailing sex direction in the area is towards the east. The average annual lead speed is 3. 0 meters per here and now (mps). naughty wind speed occurs in meet to April while low wind speed happens in September to November. The highest wind speed of 56 mps was recorded on November 14, 1977, going in a western direction. The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 6 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE Table 2. Climatological Normals Month January February March April May June July sumptuous September October November declination ANNUAL base Note rainwater numerate 8. 5 2. 9 6. 2 13. 2 101. 6 244. 5 363. 0 414. 1 309. 0 221. 4 121. 1 43. 7 1849. 2 No. of Rainy Days 2 1 2 2 7 15 18 20 17 13 10 6 113 Temperature (C) goo 30. 3 31. 2 32. 7 34. 3 34. 2 32. 5 31. 3 30. 8 31. 0 31. 1 31. 0 30. 3 31. 7 Min 20. 9 21. 2 22. 4 24. 0 24. 9 24. 5 24. 1 24. 0 24. 0 23. 5 22. 8 21. 7 23. 2 basal Dry bulb Wet Bulb Dew Point VP (mbs) 25. 6 25. 3 21. 9 20. 5 23. 9 26. 2 26. 0 22. 0 20. 3 23. 7 27. 6 27. 4 22. 8 21. 0 24. 6 29. 29. 0 24. 0 22. 1 26. 4 29. 6 29. 3 24. 9 23. 4 28. 4 28. 5 28. 2 25. 0 23. 9 29. 5 27. 7 27. 4 24. 7 23. 7 29. 2 27. 4 27. 0 24. 7 23. 9 29. 5 27. 5 27. 1 24. 8 24. 0 29. 7 27. 3 27. 0 24. 3 23. 3 28. 5 26. 9 26. 6 23. 6 22. 5 27. 1 26. 0 25. 7 22. 7 21. 5 25. 5 27. 5 27. 2 23. 8 22. 5 27. 2 Relative MSL PRESS. Humidity (mbs) 74 70 67 66 70 77 80 83 83 80 78 77 75 1013. 5 1013. 5 1012. 7 1011. 2 1009. 4 1008. 8 1008. 3 1008. 1 1008. 9 1009. 7 1011. 0 1012. 6 1010. 6 Wind Speed and nidus Direction Speed E 3 E 4 E 4 E 4 E 4 W 3 W 3 W 3 W 2 E 2 E 2 E 3 E 3 Cloud Cover (Octa) 4 4 3 3 5 6 6 7 7 6 5 5 5Days TSTM 0 0 0 1 7 11 12 9 11 9 2 0 59 With LTNG 0 0 1 4 16 16 16 10 15 10 3 1 92 PAGASA Station at 429-NAIA (MIA), Pasay City, located at 1431N latitude and 12101 longitude with elevation 21. 0 m from period 1961-1995. Table 2. 7 Climatological Extremes Month January February March April May June July August September October November December ANNUAL Period of Record origin Notes High 35. 8 34. 8 36. 5 37. 8 38. 1 38 36 35. 2 34. 9 36 35. 8 34. 2 38. 1 Daily Highest Rainfall (mm) Temperature (C) Date small Date Amount Date 7-89 14. 8 18-61 55. 3 3-70 28-80 14. 6 1-62 16. 5 27-50 30-78 16 3-63 35. 12-71 23-48 19. 4 17-68 63 4-92 18-69 19. 1 11-50 229. 1 27-60 2-91 20 22-54 316. 8 27-85 6-91 18. 3 28-48 472. 4 20-72 29-89 17. 4 9-49 401. 8 10-47 9-79 19. 1 15-50 228. 8 8-63 24-76 18 23-81 274. 5 9-78 17-72 17. 2 26-49 121. 7 14-77 28-79 16. 3 18-55 110. 5 30-50 5-18 14. 6 2-1 1962 472. 4 7-20 1972 1969 1947-1995 1949-1995 Speed 20 20 26 20 31 36 36 30 26 27 56 25 56 Wind (mps) Direction E-NE E E E SW S W WSW NW W W NW W 1950-1995 Date 12-86 28-88 29-92 6-86 22-76 29-64 8-86 16-84 27-78 18-85 19-70 30-50 11-19 1970 High 1,022. 30 1021. 4 1021. 1 1019. 9 1015. 9 1015. 9 1014. 9 1015. 2 1015. 2 1017 1019. 1020. 9 1022. 3 ocean Level Pressure Date Low 27-87 1004. 4 1-62 1005. 0 2-87 1004. 7 23-87 1003. 8 9-57 992. 2 6-66 974. 2 7-53 994. 2 12-58 992. 8 20-65 988. 9 25-86 977. 9 3-89 899. 4 8-60 996. 2 1-27 899. 4 1978 1950-1995 Date 1-50 15-52 8-84 25-71 17-89 29-64 15-83 24-78 30-95 14-70 3-95 15-64 11-3 1995 PAGASA *Station at 429-NAIA (MIA), Pasay City, located at 1431N latitude and 12101 longitude with elevation 21. 0 m from period 1961-1995. *No record for the period 1941-1945 The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 7 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 2. 8 argumentation Quality Pasay City is already experiencing a admixture of its agate line quality. This ma y be attributed to the over-crowding of people, illegitimately maintained vehicles servicing them, and the significant percentage of pollutive firms with inadequate bearing contamination control devices and facilities operating within the area. The National Ambient atmosphere Quality and resound Standards are prescribed in Table 2. 8 and Table 2. 9 respectively. Table 2. 8 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Source Specific Pollutants *POLLUTANTS (a) 1. ammonia water 2. Carbon Disulfide 3. Chlorine and Chlorine compounds explicit as Cl2 4.Formal dehyde CONCENTRATION (c) ug/Ncm 200 30 100 ppm 0. 28 0. 01 0. 03 AVERAGING TIME (min) 30 30 5 METHOD OF depth psychology/ MEASUREMENT (b) Nesselcrization/Indo Phenol Tischer Method methyl Orange 50 0. 04 30 5. henry Chloride 6. Hydrogen Sulfide 7. Lead 8. northward Oxide 9. Phenol 10. Sulfur Dioxide 11. Suspended particulate matter Matter TSP PM 10 200 100 20 375 260 100 470 340 300 200 0. 13 0. 07 0. 2 0. 14 0. 03 0. 18 0. 1 3 30 30 30 30 60 30 30 60 60 60 Chromotrophic acid regularity or MBTH-Colorimetric method Volhard Titration with Iodine solution Methylene red-hot b AAS Griess-Saltzmans 4-Amineantipyrine Colorimetric- PararosanilineGravimetric -do- Table 2. 9 DENR Standards for hoo-ha in General Areas, dB(A) AREA Schools/hospitals residential Commercial Light Industrial minatory Industrial DAYTIME 50 60 65 70 75 break of day/EVENING 45 50 60 65 70 NIGHTTIME 40 45 55 60 60 2. 9 Geologic and other Natural dangers No traced earthquake fault line traverses the city of Pasay. However, the city is not spared from other related geologic hazards such as tsunamis, ground shaking, and liquefaction. Tsunamis are giant sea waves generated by under the sea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Not all submarine earthquakes, however, can cause the occurrence of tsunamis.Tsunamis can lone(prenominal) occur when the earthquake is shallow-seated and quick adequate (M 7. 0) to displace parts of the seabed and incommode the water over it (PHIVOLCS). The coastal area of Pasay City is among the most hit by tsunamis and have a high dominance for future tsunamis. Typhoons and their associated hazards, such as strong winds, storm surges, and floods, are among the most repeated and damaging calamities our country is The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 8 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE prone to.Some 20 typhoons pass the Philippine Area of Responsibility ( hit) every year. These are most frequent during the months of May to December with peak occurrences in the month of November. Of the total 325 typhoons recorded to have crossed the PAR from 1948 to 1978, about 20 passed through Metro Manila. One of these, Typhoon Yoling, was the most severe, registering a level best wind speed of 200 kilometers per hour and bringing 24-hour rainfall on the Metropolis. residential areas, infrastructure, power systems, and other utility installations see h eavy damages, some of which took months to restore. . 10 environmental anxiety 2. 10. 1 Water counselling To address the countrywide water crisis which adversely affects the health and well being of the population, feed production and industrialization process, the National Water Crisis Act of 1995 was enacted. Some of the issues related to the water crises are water supply, water distribution, finance aspects, privatization of state-run water facilities, the protection and conservation of watersheds, and pilferage of water, including the estimable matter of graft and corruption in all the water agencies. . 10. 2 Air Quality Management The Clean Air Act of 1999 recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the home ground and environment is primarily area-based, thus, a local government concern. In terms of radiatemanship quality management, it stipulates that LGUs shall share the responsibility in the management and maintenance of air quality within their territorial juris diction. LGUs shall implement air quality standards set by the contaminant Adjudication Board (PAB) in areas within their jurisdiction.Provided, however, that in cases where the board has not been duly accomplished and has not promulgated its standards, the standards set fore in this Act shall apply. The Department of environment and Natural Resources shall provide the LGUs with technical assistance, upbringing and a continuing capabilitybuilding program to attain them to undertake full administration of the air quality management and regulation within their territorial jurisdiction. The LGU, for one, is responsible for attaining and maintaining the close air quality standards within their respective airsheds.The identification of airsheds shall be on the basis of, but not extra to, areas with similar climate, weather forecasting and topology which affect the interchange and scattering of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas which share car park interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems. The DENR bases such ambient air quality standards on knowledge domain Health Organization (WHO) standards, but shall not be limited to nor be less stringent than such standards. The initial lists and values of the hazardous air pollutants are provided in the DENR mandate.The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 9 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE 2. 10. 3 Land Management All the barangays of the city have Cadastral Maps which are being utilize for taxation and other legal purposes. On the other hand, prior to this undertaking, a regularise Ordinance in 1981 was being apply to guide developments and land uses in the city. 2. 10. 4 Solid Waste Management (SWM) At present, the city of Pasay disposes of its solid waste in the San Mateo Sanitary Landfill and the Payatas dumpsite.As per a JICA study on Solid Waste Management for Metro Manila involving government agencies such as DECS, DENR and M MDA, Pasay City along with Taguig, Pateros and the city of Makati shall be accommodated in the proposed Transfer Station within Fort Bonifacio and then dumped in an inland landfill site to be later specified. (Figure 2. 5 refers) All barangays are covered by solid waste collection, which is handled by the local government and private contractors. Solid wastes are collected daily on main thoroughfares and every other day in the rest of the city. However, the collection systems accommodate imperative requests by residents.Table 2. 10 Existing Solid Waste Disposal Methods Method community Served Residents of each Barangay Whole city creditworthy Agency/Entity Barangay Officials Equipment Facilities Push Cart pay/ Operating Costs Remarks 1. Push sweep up collection Not recommended since collectors tend to stick their slobber anywhere Presentations Diesoline Expenses Salaries of the personnel 2. collection by trucks, Transfer and Transport 3. data-based Waste Segregation 51 Fam ilies clubby sector/ Solid Waste Contractors subtle Trucking Services, Greenline Onyx, Leg Hauling, and RM Maintenance Services SWM Compactors Office of the Mayor Trucks (10 wheeler dump truck) Open-Top Compactors Pay loaders Shovels Sacks Garbage Compactors Diesoline Expenses Maintenance of the facilities A project adopted by the Maryville joining Source Solid Waste Management Office 2. 10. 5 Drainage and floodlight Control System The Tripa de gallina and Libertad pumping stations (PS), the Buendia and Libertad Outfalls or Channels are soon servicing the drainage requirement of the city. The Tripa de Gallina PS has a drainage area of over 1,700 hectares. Part of the storm outpouring from the Estero de Tripa de Gallina enters the Libertad PS via the Buendia and Libertad Outfalls.The rest are discharged into the Paranaque River. The Estero, however, shows a fluctuation in profile due to the deposit of sediment and garbage, and insufficient improvement of the Buendia Cha nnel. This condition is ca utilise by and large by poor sewerage and improper solid waste disposal. A goodish volume of wastes accumulates in the retention pocket billiards of the reclamation area. In areas along esteros and creeks set-aside(p) by a number of short shanties, wastes are directly discharged into the waterway. At present, the local government employs flood control measures such as annual 10The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE clearing of all waterways and sedimentation (desilting of riverbeds) tended to(p) by a proper garbage and waste disposal system. The adjoining upstream areas of the Libertad Reclamation Area is being drained through the Libertad, Buendia, and EDSA outfalls. Their existing discharge capacities are much smaller than their design capacities due to siltation. Garbage inflow at the inlets of these outfalls aggravates the problem. 2. 10. tragedy Management The warni ng system for both typhoons and floods in Metro Manila are operated by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and galactic Services Administration (PAGASA). It monitors the meteorological and hydrological conditions and issues daily reports. This report contains a warning if the conditions connote risks to the population. The warning system for typhoons works one by one from the warning system for floods. 2. 11 Land Suitability Assessment In attack up with an effective land utilization system, the physical and environmental attributes of Pasay City essential be considered.Areas of physical constraint for further developments in the city should be delineated. Maps indicating the citys germane(predicate) physical and environmental attributes are generated and translated into degrees of concern. References employ for this purpose include materials from the local government, BSWM, and PHIVOLCS. Some of the environmental concerns such as flooding, drainage, river economy, lique faction hazard, and industrial zones were reflected in maps and discussed briefly. These are subsequently used to delineate the areas of various degrees of development suitability.Flood adventure Areas Besides natural factors, other aspects that tend to aggravate flooding problems in Metro Manila include the following basis development leading to the creation of more impervious areas, resulting to higher peak run-offs that unremarkably cause standing floods Inadequate or non-existent drainage system Improper solid waste disposal that leads to the clogging of drainage systems, further lowering their water retaining capacity Heavy siltation of rivers due to previous floods, indiscriminating dumping of garbage, encroachment of squatters and slum dwellers, and limited maintenance works and Institutional problems and financial constraints which delay implementation of proper flood control measures. Flooding within Pasay City are generally concentrated along Taft Avenue and the areas along the Estero de Tripa de Gallina and Maricaban Creek (Figure 2. 6). The Official Website of Pasay City www. pasay. gov. ph 11COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF PASAY CITY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE River and Coastal Preservation As shown in Figure 2. 7, the following are the river preservation zones of the city Rivers and streams These critical areas consist of easements of about 3 to 20 meters from both sides passim the entire length of any river or stream. Areas within this range are checkmate to easement of public use in the interest of recreation, fishing, floatage, etc. Coastal regularise This includes areas one kilometer from the coastline of the Manila Bay, which is city waters, and 200 meters from the coastline inland. Areas of no significance Areas right(prenominal) the range mentioned above are nonenvironmentally-critical areas.Liquefaction misfortune Liquefaction is associated with the phenomenon of quick-condition failure which is generally obtained when pore wate r in a liquefied mould rises into overlying near-surface sediments that results in a condition resembling quicksand. Areas that are prone to liquefaction are those underlain by water-saturated, thick fine to coarse sand layers such as those along the Pasig River Delta Plain, lake shore areas of Laguna de Bay and the shorelines of Manila Bay. Figure 2. 8 shows the citys Liquefaction Hazard Map with potential zones classified into high, moderate and low based mainly on the presence of clay layers which help forbid liquefaction.Industrial and Airport Zones The attribute features of this map are based on the constraints on delicious noise and air pollution levels for developments around existing industrial establishments. These noise and air pollution levels conform with the DENR Guidelines (Figure 2. 9). Development restraint guidelines for various noise zones are from 45 to 55 dBA. Section of contiguous areas which are primarily used for residential purposes. from 55 to 65 dBA. Primarily for commercial area from 60 to 70 dBA. Reserved as a light industrial area from 65 to 75 dBA. Primarily reserved as a heavy industrial area. Development restriction guidelines for various source-specific air pollutants, such as emission of dust, doodly-squat or fly ash based on DENR standards.